Carmania I
1905 - 1932
- Gross Tonnage - 19,524 tons
- Dimensions - 198.23 x 22m (650.4 x 72.7ft)
- Number of funnels - 2
- Number of masts - 2
- Construction - Steel
- Propulsion - Triple screw
- Engines - Steam turbines
- Service speed - 18 knots
- Builder - John Brown & Co.Ltd., Glasgow
- Launch date - 21 February 1905
- Passenger accommodation - 300 1st class, 350 2nd class, 2,000 3rd class
The Carmania and its sister ship, the Caronia, entered
service for Cunard in 1905 and at the time they were the
largest ships in the Cunard fleet. Following an
examination of the merits of different propulsion units
one, the Carmania, was fitted with steam turbines and
the other, the Caronia, was fitted with
quadruple-expansion engines.
The Carmania was launched on 21 February Lady
Blythswood, the wife of a former aide to Queen
Victoria. The fact that the Carmania was reported to
be the forerunner of a larger turbine ship, the Lusitania,
was of great public interest. It made its maiden voyage
from Liverpool to New York, via Queenstown, on 2
December 1905. Several engineering experts had been
on board the Carmania during its maiden voyage and
were enthusiastic about how the engines had worked
smoothly and efficiently. The ship was powered by three
direct acting Parsons steam turbines.
The Carmania continued to operate the New York
service without major incident for some years. In June
1910, whilst the ship was in dock at Liverpool, a fire
broke out which took the fire brigade some time to
extinguish. Although the damage was quite considerable,
it was only to the passenger accommodation, and the
structure and machinery were undamaged. It was 4
October before repairs had been completed and the
ship could return to service.
In October 1913, whilst travelling from New York to
Liverpool, it received an SOS call from the emigrant
ship Volturno, of the Canadian Northern Steamship
Co.Ltd. The Volturno had been travelling from
Rotterdam to America with emigrants and a cargo of
barium oxide, which had broken loose in gales and
caused a fire. The Carmania, under Captain Barr,
reached the scene 4 hours after receiving the signal. The
ship was forced to stand-by all night as the weather was
so severe. The next day the Carmania, and several
smaller vessels that had come, picked up the survivors.
103 passengers and 30 crew from the Volturno were
lost. Several awards for gallantry were made to the crew
of the Carmania.
After the outbreak of World War I the Carmania
was requisitioned by the government and converted into
an Armed Merchant Cruiser. Under the command of
Captain Noel Grant RN the ship sailed from Liverpool
and arrived at Shell Bay in Bermuda on 23 August
1914. A German ship, formerly of the
Hamburg-America Line, the Cap Trafalgar, had been
reported in the vicinity but was believed to be headed
for South Africa. The ship, however, had been armed
and was patrolling around Trinidad. On the morning of
14 September the Carmania engaged the Cap
Trafalgar. Despite having to abandon the bridge of the
the ship, due to fire, the crew of the Carmania
continued to fire on the German ship. The Cap
Trafalgar began to list and went down bows first. The
battle had lasted nearly one hour. The Carmania was
potted with holes from Cap Trafalgar's bombardment,
and had lost 7 men in the action. The ship was then
escorted to Gibraltar and placed in dry dock.
By 23 November repairs were complete. Until May
1915 the ship patrolled the coast of Portugal and the
Atlantic Islands, but was afterwards required to assist in
the Gallipoli campaign. It also assisted in quelling a
mutiny on board the British steamship Maristan. In May
1916 the Carmania was allowed to return to Cunard
and, after being refitted, was employed largely on
trooping duties between Halifax and Liverpool. After the
end of the war it was engaged in the repatriation of
Canadian troops.
At the beginning of 1920 it was completely
reconditioned and returned to the Liverpool to New
York service. In 1923 the passenger accommodation
was altered to allow for 425 cabin class, 365 tourist
class and 650 3rd class passengers. Despite being
involved in several minor collisions the rest of the
Carmania's career was relatively uneventful. Like its
sister ship it was employed on short cruises in the winter
months. By 1931 the ship had become outdated and
overshadowed by more modern vessels, and in March
1932 the Carmania was sold to Hughes Bocklow &
Co. and scrapped at Blyth. |